| Dr. Waita Sebastian M Publications |
| 1 | 2016 | Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Sizing For Off Grid Solar Home Systems
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The sun releases tremendous amount of energy, which if harnessed would provide all energy needs of mankind. One of the strategies to trap this immense energy is the use of solar modules/panels. However, these solar modules need to be properly sized and installed to be able to function and generate electricity optimally. The successful installation of an off grid Photovoltaic (PV) solar system is a process that begins with a site visit to the area of installation, the determination of the client’s energy needs, installation of the solar PV system, commissioning of the installed solar system and ends with user training. Every step is critical for it determines the final performance of the solar system and hence the delicate balance between a satisfied or unsatisfied client. However, the system sizing step tends to attract more attention for it determines the system size and the matching of the balance of system components and so if this is not properly done, then the entire system may not perform as intended. Most documented sizing methods tend to be too complicated and require significant computer knowledge in simulation, modeling and even programming. For practical purposes, many designers and PV installers, especially in developing countries have basic education may not be well equipped for these complicated sizing methods. Furthermore, very few have been professionally trained in PV solar system Sizing and although there are commercially available sizing software’s, they are too expensive for majority of the people and even if available, they are too complicated for them. In actual sizing therefore, most untrained PV technicians use mere estimates that may not be appropriate for the outcome, more often than not is disappointing. We present a simple sizing method that can easily be learned and applied in a simple calculation, for example in a simple excels sheet formulas for easier sizing of PV systems The method is recommended for adoption in developing countries for faster dissemination of professional PV services in system sizing.
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| 2 | 2016 | Emphasis On Photovoltaic (PV) Solar System Installation Training: A Case Study Of A PV Solar System Installed In Makueni County, Kenya
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The installation of Photovoltaic (PV) solar systems in institutions as well as homesteads in the rural areas in Kenya is increasing at a high rate; and so is the need for the stake holders to make sure the PV solar systems are professionally designed, sized, installed and maintained. In PV solar system installation, the designing, sizing and the installation are very critical steps. A wrongly designed, sized and installed system will not perform optimally and will underperform (for undersized systems) and waste energy and resources (for oversized systems). Furthermore, undersized systems do not perform to the user’s expectation discouraging the user and eventually a negative customer attitude creeps in which may affect the uptake of solar PV systems. On the other hand, an oversized PV system is extra expense on the side of the client, creating an exaggerated high cost of PV solar systems, again discouraging potential clients from the adoption of the technology. Both scenarios mean loss of business, jobs and the economic and social benefits associated with PV technology. We present a case study of poorly installed PV systemsin Makueni County, Kenya. We observed that the solar modules specifications at the back of the modules were not clearly done, the batteries were poorly matched and the cables used in the installation were undersized. Due to these issues, even a normal television set was not able to work since the system was installed four years ago (in 2012).The above case emphasizes the need for training in PV solar system design, sizing, installation, and maintenance.
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| 3 | 2014 | Promotion Of PV Uptake And Sector Growth In Kenya Through Value Added Training In PV Sizing, Installation And Maintenance
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| 4 | 2013 | Performance Of TiO2/In(OH)iSj/Pb(OH)xSy Composite ETA Solar Cell Fabricated From Nitrogen Doped TiO2 Thin Film Window Layer
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| 5 | 2013 | Copper Based Solar Cell Materials
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| 6 | 2013 | Promoting Photovoltaic Energy In Kenya Through Training
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| 7 | 2012 | Application Of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Technology In The Tropics: Effects Of Radiation Intensity And Temperature On DSSC Performance
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| 8 | 2012 | Application Of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Technology In The Tropics: Effects Of Air Mass On Device Performance
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| 9 | 2012 | Dark J-V Characterization Of A Dye-Sensitized Module
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| 10 | 2012 | Structural And Optical Characterization Of Nitrogen Doped TiO2 Thin Films Deposited By Spray Pyrolysis On Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) Coated Glass Slides
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| 11 | 2012 | Optical Characterization Of Copper Oxide Thin Films Prepared By Reactive Dc Magnetron Sputtering For Solar Cell Applications
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— Cu2O thin films have been deposited using reactive dc magnetron sputtering technique using an Edward Auto 306 Magnetron Sputtering System. Transmittance and reflectance data in the range 300 nm-2500 nm were obtained using UV-VIS NIR Spectrophotometer Solid State 3700 DUV for all the thin films samples that were prepared. Transmittance values of above 70% were observed. The optical measurements were simulated using SCOUT 98 software to determine optical constants and optical bad gap of the thin. The optical properties in these films were varied by varying oxygen flow rate at constant powerof 200 W. Optical studies show a direct allowed transition and a shift in the optical absorption edge as the oxygen flow rate varies at constant argon flow rate and other deposition parameters. These results show that single phase Cu2O thin films can be synthesized at a relatively low substrate temperature using the reactive dc magnetron sputtering technique. Band gap values of 1.62 eV –2.54 eV is observed. The surface sheet resistivities at room temperature of 298 K were found to vary with the deposition parameters and film thickness. Urbach energy varied between 0.6 ×10-4 to 1.92 ×104
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| 12 | 2012 | Performance Of TiO2/In(OH)iSj/Pb(OH)xSy Composite ETA Solar Cell Fabricated From Nitrogen Doped TiO2 Thin Film Window Layer
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In this work, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis and thermally annealed at 400 oC. The films were characterized as deposited (no annealing) as well as after annealing. Optical studies showed that the energy band gap of the films was lowered from 3.25 eV to 2.90 eV on Nitrogen (N2) doping. The reduction in energy band gap was attributed to the introduction of N2 impurity states on the bands (conduction band and or valence band). The effect of N2 doping of Titanium Dioxide window layer on the efficiency of the ETA TiO2/In(OH)iSj/Pb(OH)xSy solar cell was investigated using a conventional current-voltage (I-V) technique. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency (η) increased from 1.06% for the solar cell with undoped films to 1.32% for the solar cell with N2-doped films. The increase in photovoltaic conversion efficiency on doping was attributed to increased light absorption due to the Nitrogen doping.
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| 13 | 2011 | Training On Photovoltaic Application And Installations
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| 14 | 2011 | Workshop On Research Grant And Project Grant Training On Proposal Writing
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| 15 | 2010 | Extraction Of Resistances In Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Fabricated From Obliquely Sputtered TiO2 Films,
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| 16 | 2010 | Electrochemical Characterization Of TiO2 Blocking Layers Prepared By Reactive DC Magteron Sputtering
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| 17 | 2009 | Electrochemical Characterization Of TiO2 Blocking Layers Prepared By Reactive DC Magnetron Sputtering
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| 18 | 2009 | Optical Characterization Of Sputtered TiO2 Compact Under Layers For Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Applications
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| 19 | 2008 | DC Sputter Deposited TiO2 Photoelectrodes: Effect Of Deposition Angle On The Efficiency Of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell.
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| 20 | 2007 | Electron Ttransport And Recomination In Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Fabricated From Obliquely Sputtered And Thermally Annealed TiO2 Films
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| 21 | 2007 | Effect Of Nitration On Pressed TiO2 Photoelectrodes For Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
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| 22 | 2007 | Columnar And Passivated Nanoporous TiO2 Based Excitonic Solar Cell
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| 23 | 2007 | Charge Transport In Bare And MgO-coated TiO2 Thin Films And In Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: Effect Of Film Thickness
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| 24 | 2006 | Performance Of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Fabricated From Obliquely DC Sputtered TiO2 Films
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| 25 | 2006 | Nanostructured TiO2 For Dye Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells
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| 26 | 2000 | Photoactive Iron Pyrite Films For Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Cells Renewable Energy
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